Role of LED (Light Emitting Diode) Light Illumination on the Growth of Plants in Greenhouse Farming-Hydroponics: IOT Technology
1 Scientist & Biotechnology Consultant (Independent), Shahapur- Belagavi-590003, Karnataka State, India
2 Miller Blvd, NW, Edmonton, AB, Canada
3 Department of Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Data Science (DS), Nitte Meenakshi Institute of Technology (NMIT), NITTE Campus, 6429, NITTE Meenakshi College Road, BSF Campus, Yelahanka, Bengaluru-560064, Govindapura, Karnataka State, India.
4 Department of Botany, Karnatak Science College, Dharwad-580003, Karnataka State, India
5 Himalayan School of Biosciences, Swami Rama Himalayan University, Dehradun-248016, Uttarakhand State, India
6 Yenepoya Institute of Arts, Science, Commerce and Management, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Yenepoya College Road, Kodikal, Mangaluru-575013, Karnataka state, India
7 Department of Applied Botany, Mangalore University, Mangalagangotri-574199, Mangalore, Karnataka State, India
8 Chief Communications Officer (CCO), Research Issues and CO-Founder of LAIHA (Latin American Industrial Hemp Association), and CEO- CANNACONS, Bogota, D.C., Capital District, Colombia
9 Agro Biotechnology Centre, Southern Petrochemical Industrial Corporation (SPIC) Ltd, Chitirai Chavadi, Pooluvapatti Post-641101, Siruvani Road, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu State, India
Review Article
World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews, 2024, 24(02), 212–245
Publication history:
Received on 10 September 2024; revised on 20 October 2024; accepted on 30 October 2024
Abstract:
This review paper of literature highlights role of Light Emitting Diode (LED) on the growth of plants under controlled conditions of greenhouse farming particularly hydroponics. “Internet of Things (IOT)” is a system of interconnected computing devices, sensors, objects, microcontrollers, and cloud servers that can transmit data across a network and control other devices remotely without human intervention. Light Emitting Diode (LED) is a more efficient, versatile, lasts longer, highly energy-efficient, directional, narrow light spectrum, low power consumption, and little heat production. Common LED colors include amber, red, green, and blue. Hydroponic grow lights are designed to mimic the natural light that plants need for photosynthesis. Plants can only use the spectrum of visible light to produce photosynthesis, and this narrow spectrum (400 to 700 nanometer) is recognized as the Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR). The development and growth of diverse plant species can be influenced differently by a variety of colored LED lights. LED illumination provides an efficient way to improve yield and modify plant properties. Therefore, LED systems plays an important role in controlling morphological, genetic, physiological, chemical properties, increasing the synthesis of a variety of beneficial secondary metabolites, and optobiological interactions of plants in greenhouse farming. In general, red and blue light is essential for maximizing the photosynthesis process due to their strong absorption by the plant chlorophyll molecules. LED illumination sources are increasingly being utilized to enhance the growth rate of vegetables and herbs cultivated in greenhouses worldwide. LED illumination spectrum manipulation could enable significant morphological adaptations, and identification of the wavelength ranges is required to increase the plant photosynthesis process.
Keywords:
Greenhouse farming; Hydroponics; Illumination; IOT technology, Light Emitting Diode (LED); Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR); Vertical farming
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